19. TRIPLE SUGAR IRON AGAR
The purpose of this medium is to determine an organism's ability to attack a specific carbohydrate with or without the production of gas and/or the production of hydrogen sulfide. This test is used to differentiate too many species and genera and is used primarily for those among the Enterobacteriaceae. Triple sugar iron agar contains three carbohydrates (lactose, sucrose and glucose), and ferric ammonium citrate. The test is based on the use of a pH indicator phenol red to determine if fermentation occured and the ferric ammonium citrate which forms a black precipitate when hydrogen sulfide is produced. Four different reactions can occur in a TSI test : the slant reaction (glucose catabolized), the butt reaction (lactose and/or sucrose catabolized), gas production, and hydrogen sulfide production.

INTERPRETING TEST RESULTS:
ACID = yellow color. ALKALINE = red color.
GAS = cracks in medium. HYDROGEN SULFIDE = black precipitate.