The Chain Stitch

The chain stitch can be used in either a closed or open technique. The closed chain stitch is used for patterned borders and for fine defining lines. The open chain stitch is used to fill in large flat areas such as flowers or leaves.

  
The Satin Stitch

The satin stitch uses parallel stitches that are arranged so they completely cover the base fabric. The stitch is used for small flowers and leaves but could also be used with other types of stitches to create more depth and shading.

  
The Encroaching/ Straight Stitches

Encroaching/straight stitching , also called "qiang" stitching, is a sewing technique where all the stitches are equal in length. These stitches form a pattern with subtle color gradations. The straight stitch moves from the outside of the shape or pattern towards the inside. The stitch can also move from the inside of the shape or pattern towards the outside, and this was often done because it was more effective in achieving shaded areas. Another variation of this stitch is the "souhe" stitch. It alternates short and long stitches next to each other. The short stitches usually begin along the mid-point of a motif or pattern then the long stitch is added to create an uneven appearance. This technique creates a very realistic appearance due to the ability to have sharp color gradations.

  
The Knot Stitch

The knot stitch results in a bead-like shape on the base material. This is achieved by wrapping the thread around the needle before pushing through the base material. The knot stitch is used to create details on flowers and for creating eyes on a motif.